Publications & Standards

Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Metal Additively Manufactured Aerospace Parts After Build

2020

This guide discusses the use of established and emerging nondestructive testing (NDT) procedures used to inspect metal parts made by additive manufacturing (AM). The guide focuses on parts that might be used in aerospace applications, produced by a variety of AM methods. The guide discusses NDE of parts after they have been fabricated with covered methods including computed tomography, eddy current testing , optical metrology, penetrant testing, process compensated resonance testing, radiographic testing, infrared thermography, and ultrasonic testing.

Standard Practice for Part-to-Itself Examination Using Process Compensated Resonance Testing Via Swept Sine Input for Metallic and Non-Metallic Parts

2019

This practice covers a general procedure for using the Process Compensated Resonance Testing (PCRT) via swept sine input method to perform Part-to-Itself (PTI) examination on populations of newly manufactured and in-service parts. PTI examination serves users who may need to evaluate the effects of a single processing step or in-service load in isolation from other sources of variation. For example, a manufacturer may want to perform process monitoring and control on a heat treatment or hardening process. A maintainer may want to evaluate the effect of service cycles in an engine. A PCRT PTI examination measures the resonance frequency spectrum of a part at two points in time and calculates the change in resonance frequencies to evaluate the effect of the intervening process. Control limits can be set on the frequency change to field a PTI PASS/FAIL inspection capability. Manufacturing processes and in-service loads that can be evaluated with a PCRT PTI inspection include, but [...]

Standard Guide for Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Defect Detection in Both Metallic and Non-metallic Parts

2018

This guide describes a procedure for detecting defects in metallic and non-metallic parts using the resonant ultrasound spectroscopy method. The procedure is intended for use with instruments capable of exciting and recording whole body resonant states within parts which exhibit acoustical or ultrasonic ringing. It is used to distinguish acceptable parts from those containing defects, such as cracks, voids, chips, density defects, tempering changes, and dimensional variations that are closely correlated with the parts’ mechanical system dynamic response.

Standard Practice for Outlier Screening Using Process Compensated Resonance Testing via Swept Sine Input for Metallic and Non-Metallic Parts

2016

This practice describes a general procedure for using the process compensated resonance testing (PCRT) via swept sine input method to perform outlier screening on populations of newly manufactured and in-service parts. PCRT excites the resonance frequencies of metallic and non-metallic test components using a swept sine wave input over a set frequency range. Some applications experience isolated component failures with unknown causes or causes that propagate from defects that are beyond the sensitivity of the current required inspections, or both. PCRT frequency analysis compares the resonance pattern of a component to the pattern of a known acceptable population of the same component, and fails components that are outliers from the reference population. Resonance outlier components may have material states or defects, or both, that will cause performance deficiencies. These material states and defects include, but are not limited to, cracks, voids, porosity, shrink, inclusions, [...]

Standard Practice for Process Compensated Resonance Testing Via Swept Sine Input for Metallic and Non-Metallic Parts

2015

This practice describes a general procedure for using the process compensated resonance testing (PCRT) via swept sine input method to detect resonance pattern differences in metallic and non-metallic parts. The resonance differences can be used to distinguish acceptable parts with normal process variation from parts with material states and defects that will cause performance deficiencies. These material states and defects include, but are not limited to, cracks, voids, porosity, shrink, inclusions, discontinuities, grain and crystalline structure differences, density-related anomalies, heat treatment variations, material elastic property differences, residual stress, and dimensional variations. This practice is intended for use with instruments capable of exciting, measuring, recording, and analyzing multiple whole body, mechanical vibration resonance frequencies in acoustic or ultrasonic frequency ranges, or both.

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